Financing urban transport through value capture.

The Green Paper on Urban Transport highlights the importance of promoting public transport as a means of achieving better sustainable mobility. Unfortunately, budget resources are often constrained. On the other hand, literature points out that transport infrastructure induce economic impacts in the areas where they are placed. This effect is caused by the fact that people realize the positive effects of accessibility and want to live or work close to transport stations. Regarding this fact a question arises. Is it possible to capture the value induced by the construction of a new infrastructure facility as an additional financial source? The aim of this paper is to analyze different direct and indirect mechanisms of value capture to fund transport infrastructure

Estrategias para utilizar los beneficios generados por las infraestructuras como medio para su financiación.

La UE a través del Libro Verde de Transporte Urbano busca incentivar el transporte público como medio para mejorar la movilidad tanto urbana como suburbana, y hacerla más sostenible. Sugiere además que el transporte público debe contar con un nivel aceptable de calidad, eficiencia y seguridad. Promover estos servicios requiere de una gran inversión, por lo que se necesita contar con nuevos mecanismos de financiación. Las infraestructuras de transporte provocan diferentes impactos económicos en su zona de influencia, afectando al precio de viviendas, oficinas y comercios. Si esta plusvalía existe, la pregunta es cómo recolectar parte de estos beneficios a fin de contar con una fuente adicional de financiación. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los diferentes mecanismos, directos e indirectos, de financiación de las infraestructuras de transporte a través de los beneficios inducidos por las infraestructuras en el territorio. Para ello se presentan un conjunto de propuestas tomando en cuenta la aceptabilidad social, la factibilidad y facilidad para recaudar dinero

Análisis de la aglomeración de actividades comerciales debido a una infraestructura de transporte público: caso MetroSur.

La construcción de una nueva infraestructura de transporte en zonas metropolitanas tiene un fuerte impacto en diferentes formas, en los barrios alrededor de las estaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la influencia que la construcción de una nueva línea de transporte tiene en la promoción de comercios (tiendas, oficinas, industrias, etc.) en las zonas aledañas a las estaciones. Para ello, hemos analizado como caso de estudio, la construcción de la nueva línea de metro del sureste de Madrid, Metrosur. A través de un Sistema de Información Geográfica, estimamos para cada una de las nuevas estaciones la variación de la densidad de actividades comerciales durante un periodo de diez años, desde la concepción de la línea hasta cuatro años después de que la línea comenzara a operar. Encontramos que las nuevas estaciones promueven un incremento considerable en la actividad comercial en los nuevos barrios, aquellos en donde existía poca urbanización antes de la construcción de la línea, y en donde la red de calles sigue un patrón tradicional. Ese impacto es menos notorio en zonas donde la actividad comercial ya estaba consolidada, como los cascos urbanos

Transportation infrastructure impacts on firm location: the effect of a new metro line in the suburbs of Madrid

Firm location patterns emerge as a consequence of multiple factors, including firm considerations, labor force availability, market opportunities, and transportation costs. Many of these factors are influenced by changes in accessibility wrought by new transportation infrastructure. In this paper we use spatial statistical techniques and a micro-level data base to evaluate the effects of Madrid?s metro line 12 (known as Metrosur) expansion on business location patterns. The case study is the municipality of Alcorcon, which is served by the new metro line since 2003. Specifically, we explore the location patterns by different industry sectors, to evaluate if the new metro line has encouraged the emergence of a ?Metrosur spatial economy?. Our results indicate that the pattern of economic activity location is related to urban accessibility and that agglomeration, through economies of scale, also plays an important role. The results presented in this paper provide evidence useful to inform efficient transportation, urban, and regional economic planning

Analysis of house prices to assess economic impacts of new public transport infrastructure: Madrid metro line 12.

Transportation infrastructure is known to affect the value of real estate property by virtue of changes in accessibility. The impact of transportation facilities is highly localized as well, and it is possible that spillover effects result from the capitalization of accessibility. The objective of this study was to review the theoretical background related to spatial hedonic models and the opportunities that they provided to evaluate the effect of new transportation infrastructure. An empirical case study is presented: the Madrid Metro Line 12, known as Metrosur, in the region of Madrid, Spain. The effect of proximity to metro stations on housing prices was evaluated. The analysis took into account a host of variables, including structure, location, and neighborhood and made use of three modeling approaches: linear regression estimation with ordinary least squares, spatial error, and spatial lag. The results indicated that better accessibility to Metrosur stations had a positive impact on real estate values and that the effect was marked in cases in which a house was for sale. The results also showed the presence of submarkets, which were well defined by geographic boundaries, and transport fares, which implied that the economic benefits differed across municipalities

Assessment of the influence due to a new metro line on the promotion of business activities around the stations: A case study of MetroSur in Madrid

The construction of a new public transportation infrastructure in a metropolitan area has a great impact, in many different ways, on the neighborhoods surrounding the stations. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence that the construction of a new metro line has on the promotion of businesses (shops, offices and so on) near the stations. To that end, we have analyzed, as a case study, the construction of the new metro line, “Metrosur”, in Alcorcon, a municipality at the south east of Madrid. The analysis was carried out through two different approaches: on one hand, we used a “point pattern analysis” to estimate kernel surfaces to analyze the variation in the density of business activities during a period of ten years, from the conception of the line to four years after the line entered into operation. In the second approach, we calibrated a binary logit model to assess the probability that each location has to hold any economic activity taking into account its distance to Metrosur and other location characteristics. We found that the distance to the stations positively impacts the location of a business. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that agglomeration plays an important role in the collocation of economic activities

Analysing gendered mobility patterns in Barcelona through spatiotemporal segmentation

Citizens take part in different activities to satisfy their needs, to invest in their socio-economic progress, participate in social and health activities that improve their well-being. However, activity participation is influenced by many factors in the built environment, but also individual’s attributes. Herein we analyze activity participation and travel through sequence analysis. This method explores sequences of daily activity and travel employing techniques from the sequencing of events in the life course of individuals. Studying sequences of daily episodes (each activity and each trip) considers the entire trajectory of a person’s activity during a day while at the same time considering the number of activities, order of activities in a day, and their durations jointly. We applied this method to a sample of residents in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (RMB) in the 2018, 2019 and 2020 EMEF Travel Surveys. The EMEF2020 deserves a particular analysis since activity patterns are expected to vary compared to pre-COVID19 spread. We have focused on that fragmentation in activity participation over the mean among persons in specific gender, age, activity and transportation mode.This research was funded by PID2020-112967GB-C31 Spanish R+D Programs and by Secretaria d’Universitats-i-Recerca-Generalitat de Catalunya- 2017-SGR- 1749. The datasets were kindly shared by the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM). Their contribution to our research is gratefully acknowledged.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Analysing gender equality in Barcelona through (spatiotemporal) segmentation

Citizens take part in different activities to satisfy their needs, to invest in their socio-economic progress, participate in social and health activities that improve their well-being. However, activity participation is influenced by many factors in the built environment, but also individual’s attributes. Herein we analyze activity participation and travel through sequence analysis. This method explores sequences of daily activity and travel employing techniques from the sequencing of events in the life course of individuals. Studying sequences of daily episodes (each activity and each trip) considers the entire trajectory of a person’s activity during a day while at the same time considering the number of activities, order of activities in a day, and their durations jointly. We applied this method to a sample of residents in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (RMB) in the 2018, 2019 and 2020 EMEF Travel Surveys. The EMEF2020 deserves a particular analysis since activity patterns are expected to vary compared to pre-COVID19 spread. We have focused on that fragmentation in activity participation over the mean among persons in specific gender, age, activity and transportation mode.This research was funded by PID2020-112967GB-C31 Spanish R+D Programs and by Secretaria d’Universitats-i-Recerca-Generalitat de Catalunya- 2017-SGR- 1749. The datasets were kindly shared by the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM). Their contribution to our research is gratefully acknowledged.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::10 - Reducció de les DesigualtatsObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de GènerePreprin

Applying data analytics to analyze activity sequences for an assessment of fragmentation in daily travel patterns: a case study of the metropolitan region of Barcelona

Sequence analysis is a robust methodological approach that has gained popularity in various fields, including transportation research. It provides a comprehensive way to understand the dynamics and patterns of individual behaviors over time. In the context of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, applying sequence analysis to mobility surveys offers valuable insights into the sequencing of travel activities and modes, shedding light on the complex interrelationship between individuals and their travel choices and the built environment. Sequence analysis allows us to examine travel behaviors as dynamic processes and reveal the underlying structure and evolution of travel patterns over a day. Here, we describe a data analytics approach that enables the identification of common travel patterns and the exploration of variations across demographic groups or geographical regions. We propose a method for discovering similarities in travel behavior segments from diaries included in travel surveys in order to refine transport policies for selected segments. Unfortunately, the data collected by the authorities in the analyzed travel surveys do not include family structure, which seems critical in explaining the segmentation of travel sequences.This research was funded by Spanish R+D Programs (PID2020-112967GB-C31) and by Secretaria d’Universitats-i-Recerca-Generalitat de Catalunya—2021 SGR 01252 Information Modeling and Processing.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats SosteniblesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de GènerePostprint (published version

Mobility trends before and after the pandemic outbreak: analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the lens of equality and sustainability

The spatial arrangement of a metropolis is of utmost importance to carry out daily activities, which are constrained by space and time. Accessibility is not only shaped by the spatial and temporal dimension, but it is also defined by individual characteristics, such as gender, impairments, or socioeconomic characteristics of the citizens living or commuting in this area. This study analyzes mobility trends and patterns in the metropolitan area of Barcelona before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with special emphasis on gender and equality. The study draws on multiple sources of information; however, two main datasets are analyzed: two traditional travel surveys from the transport metropolitan area of Barcelona and two coming from smartphone data. The results show that gender plays a relevant role when analyzing mobility patterns, as already highlighted in other studies, but, after the pandemic outbreak, some population groups were more likely to change their mobility patterns, for example, highly educated population groups and those with higher income. This study also highlights that e-activities may shape new mobility patterns and living conditions for some population segments, but some activities cannot be replaced by IT technologies. For all these reasons, city and transport planning should foster sustainable development policies, which will provide the maximum benefit for society.This research was partially funded by TRA2016-76914-C3-1-P Spanish R+D Programs and by Secretaria d’Universitats-i-Recerca-Generalitat de Catalunya- 2017-SGR- 1749.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de Gènere::5.c - Adoptar i enfortir polítiques encertades i lleis aplicables per a promoure la igualtat entre els gèneres i l’apo­derament de dones i nenes a tots els nivellsObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al ClimaObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima::13.b - Promoure mecanismes per a augmentar la capacitat de planificació i gestió eficaces en relació amb el canvi climàtic als països menys avançats i als petits estats insulars en desenvolupament, centrats concretament en les dones, persones joves i comunitats locals i marginadesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de GènerePostprint (published version